Schizencephaly
Schizencephaly is a cerebrospinal fluid-filled cleft extending from the ependymal surface of the brain to the pia. It is lined by gray matter. Schizencephaly may be closed-lip (Figure A) or open-lip (Figure B) and it can be unilateral or bilateral (Figure C) . Closed-lip (type 1) schizencephaly is a thin, gray matter lined cleft in parenchyma. Usually the ventricular margin shows an outpouching at the site of closed-lip schizencephaly, acting as an important clue. Open-lip schizencephaly is a larger, gray matter lined, with obvious defect in ventricular margin. Closest differential of open-lip schizencephaly is porencephaly. But porencephalic cysts are lined by gliotic white matter in contrast to the gray matter lined schizencephaly. Associated findings may include heterotopias, absence of septum pellucidum, hippocampal abnormality, pituitary hypoplasia, callosal dysgenesis.
Figure : Schizencephaly. A, Unilateral closed-lip schizencephaly. Note the gray matter lining (Arrowhead) and a small outpouching (nipple) of the ventricular margin (Arrow). B, Large open-lip schizencephaly. The gray matter lining (Arrows) differentiates it from porencephalic cyst. C, Bilateral closed-lip schizencephaly.
Schizencephaly is a cerebrospinal fluid-filled cleft extending from the ependymal surface of the brain to the pia. It is lined by gray matter. Schizencephaly may be closed-lip (Figure A) or open-lip (Figure B) and it can be unilateral or bilateral (Figure C) . Closed-lip (type 1) schizencephaly is a thin, gray matter lined cleft in parenchyma. Usually the ventricular margin shows an outpouching at the site of closed-lip schizencephaly, acting as an important clue. Open-lip schizencephaly is a larger, gray matter lined, with obvious defect in ventricular margin. Closest differential of open-lip schizencephaly is porencephaly. But porencephalic cysts are lined by gliotic white matter in contrast to the gray matter lined schizencephaly. Associated findings may include heterotopias, absence of septum pellucidum, hippocampal abnormality, pituitary hypoplasia, callosal dysgenesis.
Figure : Schizencephaly. A, Unilateral closed-lip schizencephaly. Note the gray matter lining (Arrowhead) and a small outpouching (nipple) of the ventricular margin (Arrow). B, Large open-lip schizencephaly. The gray matter lining (Arrows) differentiates it from porencephalic cyst. C, Bilateral closed-lip schizencephaly.
(A)
(B)
(C)Reference:The Internet Journal of Radiology™ ISSN: 1528-8404
radiopaedia.org.
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