cause of vesico-ureteric reflux

Transverse gray-scale sonogram demonstrates a small left ureterocele in a patient with a low-grade vesicoureteral reflux. Ultrasonography may be the most helpful means to evaluate a patient for a ureterocele, as this is often difficult to visualize on early filling of the bladder during voiding cystourethrography. Patients with gross anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract are not likely to improve without corrective surgery. In this case, the ureterocele measured less than 1 cm in all dimensions and appeared intermittently throughout the examination.

emedicine.medscape.com/article/414836-overview